206 sources.
Every source cited across The Ledger, deduplicated.
Books, Supreme Court opinions, commission reports, newspaper archives, oral histories. This index tracks the research behind every claim on every Record and Rise page. Click a page badge to jump to the entry.
206 of 206 sources
- Other1988Cited on 3 pages
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877. Harper & Row, 1988.
- Report2006Cited on 1 page
1898 Wilmington Race Riot Commission. Final Report. North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, May 31, 2006.
- Archive1882Cited on 1 page
Alcorn State University. Institutional archives and presidential records, 1871-1882.
- OtherCited on 1 page
All Star Code. Annual reports and program documentation. Christina Lewis, founder.
- Court opinion2023Cited on 1 page
Allen v. Milligan, 599 U.S. 1 (2023).
- Other2022Cited on 1 page
American Bar Association, Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary. Evaluation of Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson, February 2022.
- Other1976Cited on 1 page
American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness. Organizational history and founding documents, Washington, D.C., 1976 onward.
- Archive1945Cited on 1 page
American Red Cross. Historical archives of the Blood Donor Service, 1941-1945. Washington, D.C.
- Newspaper2017Cited on 1 page
Baker, Peter. Obama: The Call of History. The New York Times / Callaway, 2017.
- Archive2017Cited on 1 page
Barack Obama Presidential Library. National Archives and Records Administration, official White House records, 2009-2017.
- Oral history2003Cited on 1 page
Bath, Patricia E. NIH oral history interview, Changing the Face of Medicine series, National Library of Medicine, 2003.
- Other2013Cited on 1 page
Bath, Patricia E. TED talk, The Right to Sight, TEDMED, 2013.
- Other2009Cited on 1 page
Bay, Mia. To Tell the Truth Freely: The Life of Ida B. Wells. New York: Hill and Wang, 2009.
- Other2015Cited on 1 page
Berman, Ari. Give Us the Ballot: The Modern Struggle for Voting Rights in America. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015.
- ArchiveCited on 1 page
Birmingham Civil Rights Institute. A.G. Gaston collection and oral-history archive. Birmingham, Alabama.
- Other2019Cited on 1 page
Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2018. Pulitzer Prize for History, 2019.
- Other2022Cited on 1 page
Brown-Nagin, Tomiko. Civil Rights Queen: Constance Baker Motley and the Struggle for Equality. Pantheon, 2022.
- Newspaper1989Cited on 1 page
Brown, Elsa Barkley. "Womanist Consciousness: Maggie Lena Walker and the Independent Order of Saint Luke." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, vol. 14, no. 3, 1989.
- Other1991Cited on 1 page
Bundles, A'Lelia. Madam C.J. Walker: Entrepreneur. Chelsea House, 1991.
- Newspaper2001Cited on 1 page
Bundles, A'Lelia. On Her Own Ground: The Life and Times of Madam C.J. Walker. Scribner, 2001.
- Other2005Cited on 1 page
Burchard, Peter D. George Washington Carver: For His Time and Ours. National Park Service Special History Study, 2005.
- Other1987Cited on 1 page
Business Week. "Reginald Lewis: How He Clinched the Beatrice Deal." December 14, 1987.
- OtherCited on 1 page
Butler Center for Arkansas Studies. Elaine Massacre digital collection, Central Arkansas Library System.
- Book1998Cited on 1 page
Cecelski, David S. and Timothy B. Tyson, eds. Democracy Betrayed: The Wilmington Race Riot of 1898 and Its Legacy. University of North Carolina Press, 1998.
- Newspaper2020Cited on 1 page
Chang, Kenneth. "Katherine Johnson Dies at 101; Mathematician Broke Barriers at NASA." The New York Times, February 24, 2020.
- Newspaper1926Cited on 1 page
Chicago Defender archive coverage of Bessie Coleman, 1921-1926, Chicago Public Library.
- Primary document1875Cited on 1 page
Civil Rights Act of 1875, 18 Stat. 335 (March 1, 1875). Statutes at Large, vol. 18, p. 335.
- Archive1916Cited on 1 page
Cleveland Plain Dealer archive coverage of the Waterworks tunnel explosion and rescue, July 1916.
- Oral historyCited on 1 page
Columbia University Oral History Research Office. Thurgood Marshall oral history interviews.
- Other1870Cited on 1 page
Congressional Globe and Congressional Record, 41st Congress, 2nd Session (1870), Senate proceedings on the seating of Hiram R. Revels and on the readmission of Georgia.
- Book1988Cited on 1 page
Cortner, Richard C. A Mob Intent on Death: The NAACP and the Arkansas Riot Cases. Wesleyan University Press, 1988.
- Other1996Cited on 1 page
D'Orso, Michael. Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood. Grosset/Putnam, 1996.
- Book1927Cited on 1 page
Dabney, Wendell P. Maggie L. Walker and the I. O. of Saint Luke: The Woman and Her Work. Dabney Publishing, 1927.
- Newspaper1892Cited on 1 page
Douglass, Frederick. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. Hartford: Park Publishing, 1881; revised edition, 1892.
- Other1855Cited on 1 page
Douglass, Frederick. My Bondage and My Freedom. New York: Miller, Orton and Mulligan, 1855.
- Other1845Cited on 1 page
Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Boston: Anti-Slavery Office, 1845.
- Archive1883Cited on 1 page
Douglass, Frederick. Speech on the Civil Rights Cases, Lincoln Hall, Washington, D.C., October 22, 1883. Frederick Douglass Papers, Library of Congress.
- Other1940Cited on 1 page
Drew, Charles R. Banked Blood: A Study in Blood Preservation. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, 1940.
- Other1935Cited on 1 page
Du Bois, W.E.B. Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1935.
- Other1899Cited on 1 page
Du Bois, W.E.B. The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1899.
- Other1903Cited on 1 page
Du Bois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Folk. Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Company, 1903.
- OtherCited on 1 page
Elaine Legacy Center. Survivor oral-history project, Helena, Arkansas.
- Book1982Cited on 1 page
Ellsworth, Scott. Death in a Promised Land: The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921. Louisiana State University Press, 1982.
- Other2017Cited on 1 page
Equal Justice Initiative. Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror. Third edition, 2017.
- OtherCited on 1 page
Federal Judicial Center. Biographical directory of Article III judges, entry for Ketanji Brown Jackson.
- Oral historyCited on 1 page
Federal Judicial Center. Constance Baker Motley oral history and biographical file. Washington, D.C.
- OtherCited on 1 page
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. "The Legacy of Maggie Lena Walker." Research and educational materials.
- Other1921Cited on 1 page
Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. License No. 18310 granted to Bessie Coleman, June 15, 1921.
- Other2021Cited on 1 page
Fletcher, Viola. Testimony before the U.S. House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties, May 19, 2021.
- Other2004Cited on 1 page
Florida Department of State. Rosewood Heritage Trail historical marker documentation, 2004.
- Other2019Cited on 1 page
Florida Legislature. HB 1213, "African American History Required Instruction," signed 2019.
- Book1993Cited on 1 page
Foner, Eric. Freedom's Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders During Reconstruction. Oxford University Press, 1993.
- Other1992Cited on 1 page
Forbes. "The 400 Richest People in America." 1992 edition (Lewis listed).
- Archive2018Cited on 1 page
Forbes. Robert F. Smith profile, The World's Billionaires annual list, archive 2018 to present.
- Other2003Cited on 1 page
Forbes. The World's Billionaires list, historical profiles, 2003 to present.
- Book2017Cited on 1 page
Ford, Gary L. Jr. Constance Baker Motley: One Woman's Fight for Civil Rights and Equal Justice Under Law. University of Alabama Press, 2017.
- Other2000Cited on 1 page
Franklin, John Hope and Scott Ellsworth, eds. The Tulsa Race Riot: A Scientific, Historical, and Legal Analysis. Oklahoma Commission, 2000.
- Other2014Cited on 1 page
Fund II Foundation. Annual reports and grant disclosures, 2014 to present.
- Other1986Cited on 1 page
Garrow, David J. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. William Morrow, 1986 (Birmingham Campaign chapters).
- Book1968Cited on 1 page
Gaston, A.G. Green Power: The Successful Way of A.G. Gaston. Southern University Press, 1968.
- Other2008Cited on 1 page
Giddings, Paula J. Ida: A Sword Among Lions. New York: Amistad, 2008.
- ArchiveCited on 1 page
Hardesty, Von. "Garrett A. Morgan: Inventor and Citizen." Smithsonian Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation.
- Other1986Cited on 1 page
Harpo Productions Inc. Corporate records and production history, 1986 to present.
- Other2009Cited on 1 page
Harris, Kamala. Smart on Crime: A Career Prosecutor's Plan to Make Us Safer. Chronicle Books, 2009.
- Book2019Cited on 1 page
Harris, Kamala. The Truths We Hold: An American Journey. Penguin Press, 2019.
- Other1996Cited on 1 page
Hart, Philip S. Up in the Air: The Story of Bessie Coleman. Carolrhoda Books, 1996.
- Other1992Cited on 1 page
Harvard Law School. Reginald F. Lewis International Law Center dedication documentation, 1992.
- Court opinion1964Cited on 1 page
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, 379 U.S. 241 (1964).
- Archive1939Cited on 1 page
Hurston, Zora Neale. "The Ocoee Riot." Federal Writers' Project manuscript, 1939. Library of Congress.
- OtherCited on 1 page
Ida B. Wells Papers, University of Chicago Library, Special Collections Research Center.
- Other1930Cited on 1 page
Indiana Historical Society. Madam C.J. Walker Collection, business records, 1910-1930.
- Other2024Cited on 1 page
Jackson, Ketanji Brown. Lovely One: A Memoir. Random House, 2024.
- Other2004Cited on 1 page
Jenkins, Carol, and Elizabeth Gardner Hines. Black Titan: A.G. Gaston and the Making of a Black American Millionaire. One World / Ballantine, 2004.
- Primary document2022Cited on 1 page
John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act. Legislative record, U.S. House of Representatives, 2019, 2021, 2022 sessions.
- Other1993Cited on 1 page
Jones, Maxine D., et al. "A Documented History of the Incident Which Occurred at Rosewood, Florida, in January 1923." Florida Board of Regents, December 22, 1993.
- Newspaper1950Cited on 1 page
Journal of the National Medical Association. Memorial issue on Charles R. Drew, Volume 42, 1950.
- Oral history2011Cited on 1 page
Katherine Johnson, NASA oral history interview conducted by Sandra Johnson, August 25, 2011. Johnson Space Center Oral History Project.
- Book2008Cited on 1 page
Keith, LeeAnna. The Colfax Massacre: The Untold Story of Black Power, White Terror, and the Death of Reconstruction. Oxford University Press, 2008.
- Other2010Cited on 1 page
Kelley, Kitty. Oprah: A Biography. Crown Archetype, 2010.
- Book2004Cited on 1 page
Klarman, Michael J. From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality. Oxford University Press, 2004.
- Book1987Cited on 1 page
Kremer, Gary R. George Washington Carver: In His Own Words. University of Missouri Press, 1987.
- Other2009Cited on 1 page
Kupfer, Carl. History of the National Eye Institute, 1968-2000. Public Health Service historical publications, 2009.
- Other2008Cited on 1 page
Lane, Charles. The Day Freedom Died: The Colfax Massacre, the Supreme Court, and the Betrayal of Reconstruction. Henry Holt and Co., 2008.
- Other2019Cited on 1 page
Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights. Democracy Diverted: Polling Place Closures and the Right to Vote. Washington, D.C., 2019.
- Other1994Cited on 1 page
Lewis, David Levering. W.E.B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race, 1868-1919. New York: Henry Holt, 1993. Pulitzer Prize for Biography, 1994.
- Other2001Cited on 1 page
Lewis, David Levering. W.E.B. Du Bois: The Fight for Equality and the American Century, 1919-1963. New York: Henry Holt, 2000. Pulitzer Prize for Biography, 2001.
- Other1994Cited on 1 page
Lewis, Reginald F. and Blair S. Walker. Why Should White Guys Have All the Fun? How Reginald Lewis Created a Billion-Dollar Business Empire. John Wiley & Sons, 1994.
- Archive1991Cited on 1 page
Library of Congress, Thurgood Marshall Papers, 1949-1991 (the largest Justice archive held at the Library).
- Archive1919Cited on 1 page
Library of Congress. "Racial Massacres and the Red Summer of 1919: A Resource Guide." Research Guides, Library of Congress.
- Archive1953Cited on 1 page
Library of Congress. NAACP Papers, Part 7: The Anti-Lynching Campaign, 1912-1953.
- OtherCited on 1 page
Library of Virginia. Maggie L. Walker Papers and Independent Order of St. Luke Records, Richmond, Virginia.
- OtherCited on 1 page
Louisiana State Museum. Colfax Massacre archival collection, New Orleans.
- Book1996Cited on 1 page
Love, Spencie. One Blood: The Death and Resurrection of Charles R. Drew. University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
- OtherCited on 1 page
Madam Walker Legacy Center. Archival records and historical documentation. Indianapolis, Indiana.
- Other2001Cited on 1 page
Madigan, Tim. The Burning: Massacre, Destruction, and the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921. Thomas Dunne Books, 2001.
- Book2003Cited on 1 page
Marlowe, Gertrude Woodruff. A Right Worthy Grand Mission: Maggie Lena Walker and the Quest for Black Economic Empowerment. Howard University Press, 2003.
- Other1991Cited on 1 page
McFeely, William S. Frederick Douglass. New York: W.W. Norton, 1991.
- Book1981Cited on 1 page
McMurry, Linda O. George Washington Carver: Scientist and Symbol. Oxford University Press, 1981.
- Other2001Cited on 1 page
McWhorter, Diane. Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution. Simon and Schuster, 2001.
- Other1962Cited on 1 page
Meredith v. Fair, 305 F.2d 343 (5th Cir. 1962); 306 F.2d 374 (5th Cir. 1962).
- ArchiveCited on 1 page
Mississippi Department of Archives and History. Hiram R. Revels Papers, Jackson, Mississippi.
- Court opinion1923Cited on 1 page
Moore v. Dempsey, 261 U.S. 86 (1923).
- Newspaper1982Cited on 1 page
Moore, Gary. "Rosewood: Legacy of a Massacre." St. Petersburg Times, July 25, 1982.
- Other1950Cited on 1 page
Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University. Charles R. Drew Papers, 1935-1950.
- Other2021Cited on 1 page
Morain, Dan. Kamala's Way: An American Life. Simon & Schuster, 2021.
- Other2019Cited on 1 page
Morehouse College. Office of Institutional Advancement, 2019 Commencement gift documentation and Student Freedom Initiative founding records.
- Other1998Cited on 1 page
Motley, Constance Baker. Equal Justice Under Law: An Autobiography. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998.
- Other1961Cited on 1 page
NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. Archival records and case files, 1940-1961.
- Archive1965Cited on 1 page
NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. Archival records, 1945-1965. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
- Archive1921Cited on 1 page
NAACP Papers. Ocoee, Florida election violence investigation, 1920-1921. Library of Congress.
- Other1944Cited on 1 page
NAACP. 1944 Spingarn Medal citation, awarded to Charles Richard Drew.
- OtherCited on 1 page
NASA. Katherine Johnson official biography and Langley Research Center archival records. nasa.gov.
- Other2005Cited on 1 page
National Inventors Hall of Fame induction file: Garrett Morgan, class of 2005.
- OtherCited on 1 page
National Library of Medicine. Patricia E. Bath Papers and the Changing the Face of Medicine exhibition records.
- Other2017Cited on 1 page
National Park Service. Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument documentation, A.G. Gaston Motel dossier, 2017 designation.
- OtherCited on 1 page
National Park Service. Frederick Douglass National Historic Site documentation, Cedar Hill, Washington, D.C.
- OtherCited on 1 page
National Park Service. George Washington Carver National Monument historical records. Diamond, Missouri.
- OtherCited on 1 page
National Park Service. Maggie L. Walker National Historic Site. Historic structure reports and archival records, Richmond, Virginia.
- Other1898Cited on 1 page
New Hanover County Public Library. 1898 Collection, archival photographs and contemporaneous news accounts.
- Other2020Cited on 1 page
Obama, Barack. A Promised Land. Crown, 2020.
- Newspaper1995Cited on 1 page
Obama, Barack. Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. Times Books, 1995.
- Other2006Cited on 1 page
Obama, Barack. The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream. Crown, 2006.
- Other2017Cited on 1 page
Office of the California Attorney General. Public records and settlement documentation, 2011-2017.
- Other2025Cited on 1 page
Office of the Vice President of the United States. Official records and schedules, January 20, 2021 to January 20, 2025.
- Report2001Cited on 1 page
Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921. Final Report. State of Oklahoma, February 2001.
- OtherCited on 1 page
Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls. Annual reports and graduate outcomes data. Henley on Klip, South Africa.
- Other2013Cited on 1 page
Oral argument transcript, Shelby County v. Holder, Supreme Court of the United States, February 27, 2013.
- OtherCited on 1 page
Orange County Regional History Center. Ocoee Massacre Collection.
- Book2005Cited on 1 page
Ortiz, Paul. Emancipation Betrayed: The Hidden History of Black Organizing and White Violence in Florida from Reconstruction to the Bloody Election of 1920. University of California Press, 2005.
- ArchiveCited on 1 page
Papers of Justice John Marshall Harlan, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
- Newspaper2021Cited on 1 page
Parshina-Kottas, Yuliya, et al. "What the Tulsa Race Massacre Destroyed." The New York Times, May 24, 2021.
- Book2011Cited on 1 page
Peiss, Kathy. Hope in a Jar: The Making of America's Beauty Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.
- Book1984Cited on 1 page
Prather, H. Leon Sr. We Have Taken a City: Wilmington Racial Massacre and Coup of 1898. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1984.
- Book1984Cited on 1 page
Rable, George C. But There Was No Peace: The Role of Violence in the Politics of Reconstruction. University of Georgia Press, 1984.
- Other2024Cited on 1 page
Randle v. City of Tulsa, Oklahoma Supreme Court, dismissed 2024.
- OtherCited on 1 page
Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture. Archival records and exhibition materials. Baltimore, Maryland.
- Other2010Cited on 1 page
Remnick, David. The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama. Alfred A. Knopf, 2010.
- Other1872Cited on 1 page
Report of the Joint Select Committee on the Late Insurrectionary States. U.S. Congress, 1872.
- Archive1993Cited on 1 page
Rich, Doris L. Queen Bess: Daredevil Aviator. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993.
- Newspaper1934Cited on 1 page
Richmond Times-Dispatch archives, 1903-1934, coverage of St. Luke Penny Savings Bank and the Order of St. Luke.
- Primary document1994Cited on 1 page
Rosewood Compensation Act. Florida Legislature, Chapter 94-359, Laws of Florida, 1994.
- Archive2011Cited on 1 page
San Francisco District Attorney's Office. Archived press releases and case records, 2004-2011.
- Other2000Cited on 1 page
Securities and Exchange Commission. TLC Beatrice International Holdings, Inc., filings 1987-2000.
- Court opinion2013Cited on 1 page
Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. 529 (2013). Majority opinion by Chief Justice Roberts and dissent by Justice Ginsburg.
- Other2016Cited on 1 page
Shetterly, Margot Lee. Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race. William Morrow, 2016.
- Other1997Cited on 1 page
Singleton, John, director. Rosewood. Warner Bros., 1997.
- Other1960Cited on 1 page
Skopinski, T. H., and Katherine G. Johnson. Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position. NASA Technical Note D-233, September 1960.
- Newspaper2019Cited on 1 page
Slotnik, Daniel E. "Patricia Bath, 76, Who Took On Blindness and Earned a Patent, Dies." The New York Times, June 4, 2019.
- Archive2019Cited on 1 page
Smith, Robert F. Morehouse College 2019 Commencement Address. Transcript and video archive, Morehouse College Office of Communications.
- ArchiveCited on 1 page
Smithsonian Institution. National Museum of American History. Carver laboratory artifacts and peanut-product samples.
- ArchiveCited on 1 page
Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Bessie Coleman biographical file and archival collection.
- Archive2016Cited on 1 page
Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. Founding donor archive and dedication records, 2016.
- ArchiveCited on 1 page
Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. Greenwood District collection materials.
- ArchiveCited on 1 page
Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. Madam C.J. Walker collection.
- ArchiveCited on 1 page
Smithsonian National Museum of American History. Garrett Morgan gas mask and traffic signal collections.
- ArchiveCited on 1 page
Southern Poverty Law Center. Gaston Motel historical file, Civil Rights Memorial archive.
- Book2001Cited on 1 page
Stockley, Grif. Blood in Their Eyes: The Elaine Race Massacres of 1919. University of Arkansas Press, 2001.
- Court opinion2023Cited on 1 page
Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College, 600 U.S. 181 (2023), and the companion case, Students for Fair Admissions v. University of North Carolina.
- Other2022Cited on 1 page
Supreme Court of the United States. Official biography and opinions of Associate Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, 2022-present.
- Other1953Cited on 1 page
Supreme Court of the United States. Oral Argument Transcripts, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, December 1952 and December 1953.
- Other1883Cited on 1 page
The Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S. 3 (1883). Full opinion and Harlan dissent.
- Other1910Cited on 1 page
The Crisis magazine, complete run, 1910 to present. NAACP.
- ArchiveCited on 1 page
The Frederick Douglass Papers. Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, D.C.; and Yale University, edited by David W. Blight.
- Archive2017Cited on 1 page
The Giving Pledge. Signatory letters archive, gvngpldge.org, Robert F. Smith letter, 2017.
- Newspaper1993Cited on 1 page
The New York Times. "Reginald F. Lewis, 50, Is Dead; Financier Led Beatrice Takeover." January 20, 1993.
- Other2009Cited on 1 page
The Norwegian Nobel Committee. Award Ceremony and Citation, Nobel Peace Prize 2009.
- Other2020Cited on 1 page
The Pulitzer Prizes. Special Citations and Awards, 2020. pulitzer.org.
- Book1982Cited on 1 page
Thompson, Julius E. Hiram R. Revels, 1827-1901: A Biography. Arno Press, 1982.
- Court opinion2024Cited on 1 page
Trump v. United States, 603 U.S. 593 (2024), Justice Jackson dissenting.
- Other1921Cited on 1 page
Tulsa Historical Society and Museum. Archival photographs, city directories, and Sanborn insurance maps, 1915-1921.
- Book1994Cited on 1 page
Tushnet, Mark V. Making Civil Rights Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1936-1961. Oxford University Press, 1994.
- Book1997Cited on 1 page
Tushnet, Mark V. Making Constitutional Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1961-1991. Oxford University Press, 1997.
- ArchiveCited on 1 page
Tuskegee University Archives. George Washington Carver Papers. Tuskegee, Alabama.
- Other1976Cited on 1 page
U.S. Department of the Interior. National Register of Historic Places, Villa Lewaro nomination documentation, 1976.
- Other1997Cited on 1 page
U.S. Department of Transportation. Garrett A. Morgan Technology and Transportation Education Program founding documentation, 1997.
- Primary document1921Cited on 1 page
U.S. House of Representatives. Hearings on Tariff Act of 1921, Ways and Means Committee testimony of George Washington Carver, January 20, 1921.
- Other1923Cited on 1 page
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Patent 1,090,936 (Safety Hood, 1914) and Patent 1,475,024 (Traffic Signal, 1923).
- OtherCited on 1 page
U.S. Senate Historical Office. Biographical entry: Hiram Rhodes Revels, Senate.gov.
- Other2020Cited on 1 page
U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee. Hearing transcripts, 115th through 116th Congress, 2017-2020.
- Other1966Cited on 1 page
U.S. Senate. Confirmation hearings for Constance Baker Motley, Senate Judiciary Committee, 1966.
- Other2022Cited on 1 page
U.S. Senate. Confirmation hearings for Ketanji Brown Jackson, Senate Judiciary Committee, March 21-24, 2022.
- Archive2009Cited on 1 page
Umfleet, LeRae. A Day of Blood: The 1898 Wilmington Race Riot. North Carolina Office of Archives and History, 2009.
- Other2020Cited on 1 page
United States Department of Justice. Non-Prosecution Agreement, Robert F. Smith, October 15, 2020. Northern District of California public record.
- Other2023Cited on 1 page
United States Mint. American Women Quarters Program: Bessie Coleman, 2023.
- Other1988Cited on 1 page
United States Patent and Trademark Office. U.S. Patent 4,744,360, Apparatus for Ablating and Removing Cataract Lenses, issued May 17, 1988.
- Other1995Cited on 1 page
United States Postal Service. "Bessie Coleman 32-cent commemorative stamp." Black Heritage Series, 1995.
- Court opinion1876Cited on 1 page
United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1876).
- Oral historyCited on 1 page
University of Florida. Samuel Proctor Oral History Program, Rosewood Collection.
- Other2000Cited on 1 page
Vista Equity Partners. Annual investor letters and fund documentation, 2000 to present.
- Primary document2006Cited on 1 page
Voting Rights Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89-110, 79 Stat. 437, as amended through the 2006 reauthorization (Pub. L. 109-246).
- ArchiveCited on 1 page
W.E.B. Du Bois Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries.
- Other1898Cited on 1 page
Waddell, Alfred Moore. "The Story of the Wilmington, N.C., Race Riots." Collier's Weekly, November 26, 1898. (Primary source, perpetrator account.)
- Other1892Cited on 1 page
Wells-Barnett, Ida B. Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases. New York: New York Age Print, 1892.
- Other1895Cited on 1 page
Wells-Barnett, Ida B. The Red Record: Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynchings in the United States, 1892-1893-1894. Chicago: Donohue and Henneberry, 1895.
- Book1970Cited on 1 page
Wells, Ida B. Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells. Edited by Alfreda M. Duster. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.
- OtherCited on 1 page
Western Reserve Historical Society. Garrett A. Morgan Papers, Cleveland, Ohio.
- Other2008Cited on 1 page
Whitaker, Robert. On the Laps of Gods: The Red Summer of 1919 and the Struggle for Justice That Remade a Nation. Crown Publishers, 2008.
- Other2015Cited on 1 page
White House. Presidential Medal of Freedom citation, November 24, 2015.
- Other1921Cited on 1 page
White, Walter. "Election by Terror in Florida." The New Republic, January 12, 1921.
- Other1919Cited on 1 page
White, Walter. "The Race Conflict in Arkansas." The Survey, December 13, 1919. (NAACP investigation.)
- Newspaper1998Cited on 1 page
Williams, Juan. Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary. Times Books, 1998.
- Other1898Cited on 1 page
Wilmington 1898 Foundation. Oral histories and descendant interviews, ongoing collection.
- Other2019Cited on 1 page
Winfrey, Oprah. The Path Made Clear: Discovering Your Life's Direction and Purpose. Flatiron Books, 2019.
- Other2014Cited on 1 page
Winfrey, Oprah. What I Know For Sure. Flatiron Books, 2014.
- Book1988Cited on 1 page
Wynes, Charles E. Charles Richard Drew: The Man and the Myth. University of Illinois Press, 1988.
- Book2021Cited on 1 page
Zucchino, David. Wilmington's Lie: The Murderous Coup of 1898 and the Rise of White Supremacy. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2020. Winner, Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction, 2021.